折腾：
【未解决】本地搭建和部署运行Django项目
期间，mac本地已安装好pipenv环境，然后去本地运行Django去调试：
python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
结果报错：
✗ python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Exception in thread django-main-thread:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.3/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/threading.py", line 917, in _bootstrap_inner
self.run()
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.3/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/threading.py", line 865, in run
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
File "/Users/crifan/.local/share/virtualenvs/xxx-felNIzdJ/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 54, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Users/crifan/.local/share/virtualenvs/xxx-felNIzdJ/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 109, in inner_run
autoreload.raise_last_exception()
File "/Users/crifan/.local/share/virtualenvs/xxx-felNIzdJ/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 77, in raise_last_exception
raise _exception[1]
File "/Users/crifan/.local/share/virtualenvs/xxx-felNIzdJ/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 337, in execute
autoreload.check_errors(django.setup)()
File "/Users/crifan/.local/share/virtualenvs/xxx-felNIzdJ/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 54, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Users/crifan/.local/share/virtualenvs/xxx-felNIzdJ/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 24, in setup
apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
File "/Users/crifan/.local/share/virtualenvs/xxx-felNIzdJ/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 114, in populate
app_config.import_models()
File "/Users/crifan/.local/share/virtualenvs/xxx-felNIzdJ/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 211, in import_models
self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
File "/Users/crifan/.local/share/virtualenvs/xxx-felNIzdJ/lib/python3.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 967, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 677, in _load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 728, in exec_module
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
File "/Users/crifan/.local/share/virtualenvs/xxx-felNIzdJ/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 2, in <module>
from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
File "/Users/crifan/.local/share/virtualenvs/xxx-felNIzdJ/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py", line 47, in <module>
class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
File "/Users/crifan/.local/share/virtualenvs/xxx-felNIzdJ/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 117, in __new__
new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, app_label))
File "/Users/crifan/.local/share/virtualenvs/xxx-felNIzdJ/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 321, in add_to_class
value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
File "/Users/crifan/.local/share/virtualenvs/xxx-felNIzdJ/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/models/options.py", line 204, in contribute_to_class
self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
File "/Users/crifan/.local/share/virtualenvs/xxx-felNIzdJ/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 28, in __getattr__
return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
File "/Users/crifan/.local/share/virtualenvs/xxx-felNIzdJ/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 201, in __getitem__
backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
File "/Users/crifan/.local/share/virtualenvs/xxx-felNIzdJ/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 110, in load_backend
return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
File "/Users/crifan/.local/share/virtualenvs/xxx-felNIzdJ/lib/python3.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "/Users/crifan/.local/share/virtualenvs/xxx-felNIzdJ/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 36, in <module>
raise ImproperlyConfigured('mysqlclient 1.3.13 or newer is required; you have %s.' % Database.__version__)
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: mysqlclient 1.3.13 or newer is required; you have 0.9.3.django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: mysqlclient 1.3.13 or newer is required; you have 0.9.3.
但是自己此处
app/__init__.py
已经有
import pymysql pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
且Pipfile
中已有：
[packages] django = "*" pymysql = "*"
python manage.py inspectdb
也是输出同样错误
其做法还是去直接注释掉：
site-packages\Django-2.0-py3.6.egg\django\db\backends\mysql
中的：
if version < (1, 3, 3):
raise ImproperlyConfigured("mysqlclient 1.3.3 or newer is required; you have %s" % Database.__version__) 感觉不妥。
看看当前django版本：
✗ pipenv graph Django==2.2.2 - pytz [required: Any, installed: 2019.1] - sqlparse [required: Any, installed: 0.3.0] imgkit==1.0.2 Jinja2==2.10.1 - MarkupSafe [required: >=0.23, installed: 1.1.1] Pillow==6.0.0 pycrypto==2.6.1 PyMySQL==0.9.3 requests==2.22.0 - certifi [required: >=2017.4.17, installed: 2019.3.9] - chardet [required: >=3.0.2,<3.1.0, installed: 3.0.4] - idna [required: >=2.5,<2.9, installed: 2.8] - urllib3 [required: >=1.21.1,<1.26,!=1.25.1,!=1.25.0, installed: 1.25.3] xlwt==1.3.0
此处是Django 2.2.2
PyMySQL 0.9.3
“Then, edit the __init__.py file in your project origin dir(the same as settings.py)”
去找到此处的
pywe_django/settings.py
同目录下的
pywe_django/__init__.py
加上：
import pymysql pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
结果：
问题依旧。
重新安装了pymsql，版本还是之前的：
✗ pipenv install pymysql Installing pymysql… Adding pymysql to Pipfile's [packages]… ✔ Installation Succeeded Installing dependencies from Pipfile.lock (0dd26f)… 🐍 ▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉ 15/15 — 00:00:06 ➜ xxx git:(master) ✗ pipenv graph Django==2.2.2 - pytz [required: Any, installed: 2019.1] - sqlparse [required: Any, installed: 0.3.0] imgkit==1.0.2 Jinja2==2.10.1 - MarkupSafe [required: >=0.23, installed: 1.1.1] Pillow==6.0.0 pycrypto==2.6.1 PyMySQL==0.9.3 requests==2.22.0 - certifi [required: >=2017.4.17, installed: 2019.3.9] - chardet [required: >=3.0.2,<3.1.0, installed: 3.0.4] - idna [required: >=2.5,<2.9, installed: 2.8] - urllib3 [required: >=1.21.1,<1.26,!=1.25.1,!=1.25.0, installed: 1.25.3] xlwt==1.3.0
去试试：
➜ xxx git:(master) ✗ pipenv install mysqlclient Installing mysqlclient… Adding mysqlclient to Pipfile's [packages]… ✔ Installation Succeeded Pipfile.lock (966ad1) out of date, updating to (0dd26f)… Locking [dev-packages] dependencies… Locking [packages] dependencies… ✔ Success! Updated Pipfile.lock (966ad1)! Installing dependencies from Pipfile.lock (966ad1)… 🐍 ▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉ 16/16 — 0 ➜ xxx git:(master) ✗ pipenv graph Django==2.2.2 - pytz [required: Any, installed: 2019.1] - sqlparse [required: Any, installed: 0.3.0] imgkit==1.0.2 Jinja2==2.10.1 - MarkupSafe [required: >=0.23, installed: 1.1.1] mysqlclient==1.4.2.post1 Pillow==6.0.0 pycrypto==2.6.1 PyMySQL==0.9.3 requests==2.22.0 - certifi [required: >=2017.4.17, installed: 2019.3.9] - chardet [required: >=3.0.2,<3.1.0, installed: 3.0.4] - idna [required: >=2.5,<2.9, installed: 2.8] - urllib3 [required: >=1.21.1,<1.26,!=1.25.1,!=1.25.0, installed: 1.25.3] xlwt==1.3.0
结果，问题依旧。
再去把：
pywe_django/__init__.py
和
app/__init__.py
都注释掉：
# import pymysql # pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
结果：
就可以了。
【总结】
此处mac中本地运行Django报错：
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: mysqlclient 1.3.13 or newer is required; you have 0.9.3.
解决办法是：
去掉之前的：
app/__init__.py
中的：
import pymysql pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
比如变成注释掉：
# import pymysql # pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
然后安装mysqlclient
pipenv install mysqlclient
就可以了。
-》或许内部此时只是使用了mysqlclient
而不是pymysql
-》但先不管了，至少mac本地可以调试了。
【后记】
此处是：
生产环境中，目前Django已经通过：
import pymysql pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
在用pymysql了。
感觉是：
如果生产环境中，根据上述改动，估计就改用mysqlclient了
但是
“mysqlclient returns bytes object
PyMySQL returns str object”
感觉不兼容啊，容易出问题啊
另外试了试，mac此处
app/__init__.py
用上：
import pymysql pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
就会报错：
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured mysqlclient 1.3.13 or newer is required you have 0.9.3
另外，再去在线服务器中看看此处使用的版本：
root@VM-158-80-ubuntu:/var/log/mysql# pip3 show django --- Metadata-Version: 2.1 Name: Django Version: 2.1 Summary: A high-level Python Web framework that encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design. Home-page: https://www.djangoproject.com/ Author: Django Software Foundation Author-email: foundation@djangoproject.com Installer: pip License: BSD Location: /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages Requires: pytz Classifiers: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable Environment :: Web Environment Framework :: Django Intended Audience :: Developers License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License Operating System :: OS Independent Programming Language :: Python Programming Language :: Python :: 3 Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5 Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6 Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7 Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: WSGI Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Application Frameworks Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules Entry-points: [console_scripts] django-admin = django.core.management:execute_from_command_line You are using pip version 8.1.1, however version 19.1.1 is available. You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command. root@VM-158-80-ubuntu:/var/log/mysql# pip3 show mysqlclient You are using pip version 8.1.1, however version 19.1.1 is available. You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command. root@VM-158-80-ubuntu:/var/log/mysql# pip3 show pymysql --- Metadata-Version: 2.1 Name: PyMySQL Version: 0.9.2 Summary: Pure Python MySQL Driver Home-page: https://github.com/PyMySQL/PyMySQL/ Author: yutaka.matsubara Author-email: yutaka.matsubara@gmail.com Installer: pip License: "MIT" Location: /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages Requires: cryptography Classifiers: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable Programming Language :: Python :: 2 Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7 Programming Language :: Python :: 3 Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4 Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5 Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6 Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7 Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy Intended Audience :: Developers License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License Topic :: Database You are using pip version 8.1.1, however version 19.1.1 is available. You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command. root@VM-158-80-ubuntu:/var/log/mysql#
可见：
Django 2.1
pymysql 0.9.2
Python是3.5.2
然后再去看看其有没有修改代码，忽略报错
其没有修改：
/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py
中版本检测代码还是在的：
version = Database.version_info
if version < (1, 3, 7):
raise ImproperlyConfigured('mysqlclient 1.3.7 or newer is required; you have %s.' % Database.__version__)所以，mac本地还是尽量要去在不改变代码的前提下去跑起来
不过想到了，可以把另外一个Django项目去部署到服务器上，用pipenv，看看运行是否会出错
转载请注明：在路上 » 【部分解决】mac中运行Django报错：django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured mysqlclient 1.3.13 or newer is required you have 0.9.3