折腾：
【已解决】Mac中安装Python的第三方库：openpyxl
期间，需要去，在不影响已有的Mac中的Python2的情况下，去安装Python3
mac python 3
Python Releases for Mac OS X | Python.org
4. Using Python on a Macintosh — Python 3.6.1 documentation
Installing Python 3 on Mac OS X — The Hitchhiker’s Guide to Python
➜ ~ which brew /usr/local/bin/brew ➜ ~ where brew /usr/local/bin/brew ➜ ~ brew –version Homebrew 1.1.10 Homebrew/homebrew-core (git revision 8f25; last commit 2017-03-04) |
确认已经安装了brew了。
考虑用brew去安装Python3
但是此处Homebrew并没有帮忙安装pip3:
➜ ~ pip pip pipestatus |
Mac OSX 正确地同时安装Python 2.7 和Python3 – 简书
Mac OSX 正確地同時安裝 Python 2.7 和 Python3 – 字串小豬
去执行：
brew install python3
➜ ~ brew install python3 Updating Homebrew… ==> Auto-updated Homebrew! Updated 1 tap (homebrew/core). ==> New Formulae adr-tools exa jvm-mon rsync afuse expect krb5 s3-backer 。。。 protobuf zurlfpc libpng protobuf-c ==> Renamed Formulae bash-completion2 -> bash-completion@2 maven31 -> maven@3.1 。。。 logstash24 -> logstash@2.4 zeromq32 -> zeromq@3.2 mapnik2 -> mapnik@2 zeromq40 -> zeromq@4.0 mariadb100 -> mariadb@10.0 ==> Deleted Formulae ctorrent elasticsearch@1.7 gnupg2 multirust scsh devhelp elasticsearch@2.3 libgc node@5 webkitgtk ee fb-adb libgroove s3sync xstow ==> Installing dependencies for python3: pkg-config, readline, sqlite, gdbm, openssl, xz ==> Installing python3 dependency: pkg-config ==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/pkg-config-0.29.2.sierra.bottle.tar.gz ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> Pouring pkg-config-0.29.2.sierra.bottle.tar.gz Error: The `brew link` step did not complete successfully The formula built, but is not symlinked into /usr/local Could not symlink bin/pkg-config Target /usr/local/bin/pkg-config is a symlink belonging to pkg-config. You can unlink it: brew unlink pkg-config To force the link and overwrite all conflicting files: brew link –overwrite pkg-config To list all files that would be deleted: brew link –overwrite –dry-run pkg-config Possible conflicting files are: /usr/local/bin/pkg-config -> /usr/local/Cellar/pkg-config/0.29.1/bin/pkg-config /usr/local/share/aclocal/pkg.m4 -> /usr/local/Cellar/pkg-config/0.29.1/share/aclocal/pkg.m4 /usr/local/share/doc/pkg-config/pkg-config-guide.html /usr/local/share/doc/pkg-config/pkg-config-guide.html /usr/local/share/man/man1/pkg-config.1 -> /usr/local/Cellar/pkg-config/0.29.1/share/man/man1/pkg-config.1 ==> Summary 🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/pkg-config/0.29.2: 11 files, 627KB ==> Installing python3 dependency: readline ==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/readline-7.0.3_1.sierra.bottle.tar.gz ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> Pouring readline-7.0.3_1.sierra.bottle.tar.gz ==> Caveats This formula is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local. macOS provides the BSD libedit library, which shadows libreadline. In order to prevent conflicts when programs look for libreadline we are defaulting this GNU Readline installation to keg-only. For compilers to find this software you may need to set: LDFLAGS: -L/usr/local/opt/readline/lib CPPFLAGS: -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include ==> Summary 🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/readline/7.0.3_1: 46 files, 1.5MB ==> Installing python3 dependency: sqlite ==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/sqlite-3.18.0.sierra.bottle.tar.gz ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> Pouring sqlite-3.18.0.sierra.bottle.tar.gz ==> Caveats This formula is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local. macOS provides an older sqlite3 If you need to have this software first in your PATH run: echo ‘export PATH="/usr/local/opt/sqlite/bin:$PATH"’ >> ~/.zshrc For compilers to find this software you may need to set: LDFLAGS: -L/usr/local/opt/sqlite/lib CPPFLAGS: -I/usr/local/opt/sqlite/include For pkg-config to find this software you may need to set: PKG_CONFIG_PATH: /usr/local/opt/sqlite/lib/pkgconfig ==> Summary 🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/sqlite/3.18.0: 11 files, 3.0MB ==> Installing python3 dependency: gdbm ==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/gdbm-1.13.sierra.bottle.tar.gz ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> Pouring gdbm-1.13.sierra.bottle.tar.gz 🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/gdbm/1.13: 19 files, 554.4KB ==> Installing python3 dependency: openssl ==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/openssl-1.0.2k.sierra.bottle.tar.gz ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> Pouring openssl-1.0.2k.sierra.bottle.tar.gz ==> Using the sandbox ==> Caveats A CA file has been bootstrapped using certificates from the SystemRoots keychain. To add additional certificates (e.g. the certificates added in the System keychain), place .pem files in /usr/local/etc/openssl/certs and run /usr/local/opt/openssl/bin/c_rehash This formula is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local. Apple has deprecated use of OpenSSL in favor of its own TLS and crypto libraries If you need to have this software first in your PATH run: echo ‘export PATH="/usr/local/opt/openssl/bin:$PATH"’ >> ~/.zshrc For compilers to find this software you may need to set: LDFLAGS: -L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib CPPFLAGS: -I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include For pkg-config to find this software you may need to set: PKG_CONFIG_PATH: /usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/pkgconfig ==> Summary 🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2k: 1,696 files, 12MB ==> Installing python3 dependency: xz ==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/xz-5.2.3.sierra.bottle.tar.gz ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> Pouring xz-5.2.3.sierra.bottle.tar.gz Error: The `brew link` step did not complete successfully The formula built, but is not symlinked into /usr/local Could not symlink bin/lzcat Target /usr/local/bin/lzcat is a symlink belonging to xz. You can unlink it: brew unlink xz To force the link and overwrite all conflicting files: brew link –overwrite xz To list all files that would be deleted: brew link –overwrite –dry-run xz Possible conflicting files are: /usr/local/bin/lzcat -> /usr/local/Cellar/xz/5.2.2/bin/lzcat 。。。 /usr/local/share/man/man1/xzmore.1 -> /usr/local/Cellar/xz/5.2.2/share/man/man1/xzmore.1 /usr/local/lib/liblzma.5.dylib -> /usr/local/Cellar/xz/5.2.2/lib/liblzma.5.dylib /usr/local/lib/liblzma.a -> /usr/local/Cellar/xz/5.2.2/lib/liblzma.a /usr/local/lib/liblzma.dylib -> /usr/local/Cellar/xz/5.2.2/lib/liblzma.dylib /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/liblzma.pc -> /usr/local/Cellar/xz/5.2.2/lib/pkgconfig/liblzma.pc ==> Summary 🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/xz/5.2.3: 92 files, 1.4MB ==> Installing python3 Warning: Building python3 from source: The bottle needs the Apple Command Line Tools to be installed. You can install them, if desired, with: xcode-select –install ==> Downloading https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.1/Python-3.6.1.tar.xz ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6.1 –enable-ipv6 –datarootdir=/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6.1/share –datadir=/ ==> make ==> make install PYTHONAPPSDIR=/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6.1 ==> make frameworkinstallextras PYTHONAPPSDIR=/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6.1/share/python3 ==> Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/87/1a/33d3d05569e857c5c5cc3e90d197bf4d9696dc740a05f66a09599d66e5bd/setuptools- ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/11/b6/abcb525026a4be042b486df43905d6893fb04f05aac21c32c638e939e447/pip-9.0.1.t ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c9/1d/bd19e691fd4cfe908c76c429fe6e4436c9e83583c4414b54f6c85471954a/wheel-0.29. |
但是执行到最后，却卡在了：
/usr/local/lib/liblzma.dylib -> /usr/local/Cellar/xz/5.2.2/lib/liblzma.dylib /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/liblzma.pc -> /usr/local/Cellar/xz/5.2.2/lib/pkgconfig/liblzma.pc ==> Summary 🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/xz/5.2.3: 92 files, 1.4MB ==> Installing python3 Warning: Building python3 from source: The bottle needs the Apple Command Line Tools to be installed. You can install them, if desired, with: xcode-select –install ==> Downloading https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.1/Python-3.6.1.tar.xz ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6.1 –enable-ipv6 –datarootdir=/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6.1/share –datadir=/ ==> make ==> make install PYTHONAPPSDIR=/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6.1 ==> make frameworkinstallextras PYTHONAPPSDIR=/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6.1/share/python3 ==> Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/87/1a/33d3d05569e857c5c5cc3e90d197bf4d9696dc740a05f66a09599d66e5bd/setuptools- ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/11/b6/abcb525026a4be042b486df43905d6893fb04f05aac21c32c638e939e447/pip-9.0.1.t ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c9/1d/bd19e691fd4cfe908c76c429fe6e4436c9e83583c4414b54f6c85471954a/wheel-0.29. |
重新去试试：
brew install python3
➜ ~ brew install python3 Warning: Building python3 from source: The bottle needs the Apple Command Line Tools to be installed. You can install them, if desired, with: xcode-select –install ==> Using the sandbox ==> Downloading https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.1/Python-3.6.1.tar.xz Already downloaded: /Users/crifan/Library/Caches/Homebrew/python3-3.6.1.tar.xz ==> ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6.1 –enable-ipv6 –datarootdir=/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6.1/share –datadir=/usr/local/Cel ==> make ==> make install PYTHONAPPSDIR=/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6.1 ==> make frameworkinstallextras PYTHONAPPSDIR=/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6.1/share/python3 ==> Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/87/1a/33d3d05569e857c5c5cc3e90d197bf4d9696dc740a05f66a09599d66e5bd/setuptools-32.2.0.zip Already downloaded: /Users/crifan/Library/Caches/Homebrew/python3–setuptools-32.2.0.zip ==> Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/11/b6/abcb525026a4be042b486df43905d6893fb04f05aac21c32c638e939e447/pip-9.0.1.tar.gz Already downloaded: /Users/crifan/Library/Caches/Homebrew/python3–pip-9.0.1.tar.gz ==> Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c9/1d/bd19e691fd4cfe908c76c429fe6e4436c9e83583c4414b54f6c85471954a/wheel-0.29.0.tar.gz ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> /usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6.1/bin/python3 -s setup.py –no-user-cfg install –force –verbose –install-scripts=/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6. ==> /usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6.1/bin/python3 -s setup.py –no-user-cfg install –force –verbose –install-scripts=/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6. ==> /usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6.1/bin/python3 -s setup.py –no-user-cfg install –force –verbose –install-scripts=/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6. ==> Caveats Pip, setuptools, and wheel have been installed. To update them pip3 install –upgrade pip setuptools wheel You can install Python packages with pip3 install <package> They will install into the site-package directory /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages See: http://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-and-Python.html ==> Summary 🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6.1: 7,961 files, 110.0MB, built in 3 minutes 27 seconds ➜ ~ |
安装完毕了，去看看版本：
➜ ~ which python3 /usr/local/bin/python3 ➜ ~ which python /usr/bin/python ➜ ~ ll /usr/bin/python -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 65K 3 23 07:56 /usr/bin/python ➜ ~ python -V Python 2.7.10 ➜ ~ python3 -V Python 3.6.1 ➜ ~ python3 Python 3.6.1 (default, May 6 2017, 14:32:57) [GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 8.1.0 (clang-802.0.38)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> KeyboardInterrupt >>> [1] + 31257 suspended python3 ➜ ~ python Python 2.7.10 (default, Feb 6 2017, 23:53:20) [GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 8.0.0 (clang-800.0.34)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> [2] + 31270 suspended python |
但是还是不敢去直接把环境变量改了
否则感觉是：
默认的python就从python2变成python3了
-》难道不回影响到系统的其他（用到了Python的）软件吗？
Mac OS X系统中如何安装Python| 编程派 | Coding Python
mac python3 安装 python2
在Mac OS X上安装Python — Python最佳实践指南
算了，再去：
brew install python
吧。
➜ ~ brew install python Updating Homebrew… Warning: Building python from source: The bottle needs the Apple Command Line Tools to be installed. You can install them, if desired, with: xcode-select –install ==> Using the sandbox ==> Downloading https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.13/Python-2.7.13.tar.xz ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.13 –enable-ipv6 –datarootdir=/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.13/share –datadir=/usr/local/Cell ==> make ==> make install PYTHONAPPSDIR=/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.13 ==> make frameworkinstallextras PYTHONAPPSDIR=/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.13/share/python ==> Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/26/d1/dc7fe14ce4a3ff3faebf1ac11350de4104ea2d2a80c98393b55c84362b0c/setuptools-32.1.0.tar.gz ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/11/b6/abcb525026a4be042b486df43905d6893fb04f05aac21c32c638e939e447/pip-9.0.1.tar.gz ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c9/1d/bd19e691fd4cfe908c76c429fe6e4436c9e83583c4414b54f6c85471954a/wheel-0.29.0.tar.gz ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> /usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.13/bin/python -s setup.py –no-user-cfg install –force –verbose –single-version-externally-managed –record=inst ==> /usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.13/bin/python -s setup.py –no-user-cfg install –force –verbose –single-version-externally-managed –record=inst ==> /usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.13/bin/python -s setup.py –no-user-cfg install –force –verbose –single-version-externally-managed –record=inst ==> Caveats Pip and setuptools have been installed. To update them pip install –upgrade pip setuptools You can install Python packages with pip install <package> They will install into the site-package directory /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages See: http://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-and-Python.html ==> Summary 🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.13: 6,337 files, 86.7MB, built in 6 minutes 35 seconds ➜ ~ |
然后去修改环境变量的顺序
➜ ~ which python /usr/bin/python ➜ ~ which python3 /usr/local/bin/python3 ➜ ~ ls -l /usr/local/bin/python lrwxr-xr-x 1 crifan admin 34 5 6 15:10 /usr/local/bin/python -> ../Cellar/python/2.7.13/bin/python |
vim /etc/paths
已经是：
/usr/local/bin
在最开始了。
就不用改了。
然后去关闭后重新打开终端，可以看到已经生效了：
➜ ~ which python /usr/local/bin/python ➜ ~ which python3 /usr/local/bin/python3 ➜ ~ python Python 2.7.13 (default, May 6 2017, 15:08:03) [GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 8.1.0 (clang-802.0.38)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> [1] + 41600 suspended python ➜ ~ python3 Python 3.6.1 (default, May 6 2017, 14:32:57) [GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 8.1.0 (clang-802.0.38)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> [2] + 41605 suspended python3 ➜ ~ ls -l /usr/bin/python -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 66848 3 23 07:56 /usr/bin/python ➜ ~ ls -l /usr/local/bin/python lrwxr-xr-x 1 crifan admin 34 5 6 15:10 /usr/local/bin/python -> ../Cellar/python/2.7.13/bin/python ➜ ~ ls -l /usr/local/bin/python3 lrwxr-xr-x 1 crifan admin 35 5 6 14:34 /usr/local/bin/python3 -> ../Cellar/python3/3.6.1/bin/python3 |
好了，现在应该算是安装成功了。
然后也看到了pip了：
➜ ~ pip pip pip2 pip2.7 pip3 pip3.6 pipestatus ➜ ~ which pip pip: aliased to noglob pip ➜ ~ where pip pip: aliased to noglob pip /usr/local/bin/pip ➜ ~ where pip3 /usr/local/bin/pip3 ➜ ~ pip -V pip 9.0.1 from /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (python 2.7) ➜ ~ pip3 -V pip 9.0.1 from /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (python 3.6) |
然后基本上有点明白了：
【总结】
此处，之所以说，
用Homebrew去安装了Python2，Python3，然后修改了PATH中的路径顺序后，就可以称得上是：
Mac中的Python2和Python3共存
指的是：
对于Mac中已有的，用到了之前旧的系统的Python2，对应的是/usr/bin/python
而此处的，新安装的
Python2是 /usr/local/bin/python
Python3是 /usr/local/bin/python3
都不会影响到原有的Python的
-》且此处输入了python，系统默认进入的是：
Homebrew安装的新版本的Python2
-》也是和旧的系统的Python2是基本兼容的，而不是Python3
➜ ~ python Python 2.7.13 (default, May 6 2017, 15:08:03) [GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 8.1.0 (clang-802.0.38)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> [3] + 41826 suspended python ➜ ~ which python /usr/local/bin/python |
转载请注明：在路上 » 【已解决】Mac中如何安装Python3且和Python2共存